Thinking in Levels: A Dynamic Systems Approach to Making Sense of the World
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چکیده
symbol manipulation (accessible only to students with advanced mathematical training). The second is more subtle: differential equations deal in aggregate quantities. In the Lotka-Volterra system, for example, the differential equations describe how the overall populations (not the individual creatures) evolve over time. There are now some very good computer modeling tools—such as Stella (Roberts et al., 1983) and Model-It (Jackson et al., 1996)—based on differential equations. These tools eliminate the need to manipulate symbols, focusing on more qualiFig. 7. Wolves and sheep. Job title: SET, Vol. 8(1) #214 Shirley/Oct. 14, 1998 Makeup: Carmen/Oct. 14, 1998 Last revision: Carmen/Dec. 3, 1998 16 Wilensky and Resnick
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تاریخ انتشار 1999